SAT Writing and Language Practice Test 61 AMBIPi

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Instruction:

  • In the passage below is accompanied by a number of questions.
  • For some questions, you need to think how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas.
  • For other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in sentence structure, usage, or punctuation.
  • Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage.
  • Other questions will direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.

SAT Writing & Language Section Passage

SAT Writing and Language Practice Test Paper Passage Title: False or False: The Question of Falsifiability.  

What is the difference between science and pseudoscience? According to Karl Popper, one of the most  potent philosophers of the twentieth century, it is a matter of falsifiability. He claimed that in order to be considered truly scientific, a hypothesis or theory must be capable of being proven false.  Next, he decided to make an assertion: l Popper offered a new perspective on the distinction between science and pseudoscience.

In a 1953 lecture at Cambridge University, Popper shared that the concept of falsifiability had first occurred to him more than thirty years earlier,  3  when he was pondering and considering Einstein’s theory of gravitation and Freud’s psychoanalytical approach. Popper realized that Freud’s approach has great “explanatory power,” because psychoanalysis can be applied to completely opposite behavior patterns with equal aptness. Although this flexibility might seem valuable, Popper argued that a theory which cannot be proven false—one which can ‘adapt’ to any critical environment—is not science but pseudoscience. The critical component of a scientific theory is the element of risk;   4  its value lies in predictive rather than explanatory power.

 5  Einstein’s theory of gravitation was scientific because it made concrete predictions about what we should observe in the future, and therefore could be falsified if inconsistent  to these observations. Popper’s choice of falsifiability as the line of demarcation between science and pseudoscience initially seemed counterintuitive to many scientists and philosophers. Traditionally, the difference had been located in the process of observation and experiment. In addition, many researchers preferred hypotheses that seemed less likely to proven false.  7  However, many members of the scientific community may have, at least initially, misunderstood the concept of falsifiability.

The overarching objective of Popper’s approach is not to choose the weaker  hypothesis and choose the hypothesis which will lead us towards truth. Because scientific theories can never be proven true, our progress depends on using theories which, like Einstein’s theory of gravitation, can be proven false. Statements without predictive power are  static because, they cannot be disproven, we cannot move forwards. Although the distinction between science and pseudoscience  10  remains controversial, falsifiability has many valuable implications for the scientific method and beyond.

Although Popper devised this concept to answer a particular question, he believed that it was the key to answering many other problems as well. Falsifiability can be applied universally because we search for truth in all areas— 11  even though Freud’s psychoanalytic approach is still studied.

SAT Writing and Language Practice Test Paper Questions

Question No 1

Which choice best maintains the sentence pattern already established in the paragraph?

Option A : No Change

Option B : pervasive 

Option C : saturating 

Option D : influential

Answer

Show/Hide Answer

Option D : influential

Question No 2

Which choice creates the smoothest and most logical transition?

Option A : No Change

Option B : Therefore, with this controversial assertion, 

Option C : Through this controversial assertion, 

Option D : DELETE the underlined portion.

Answer

Show/Hide Answer

Option C : Through this controversial assertion, 

Question No 3

Which choice provides the most effectively transition to the information that follows?

Option A : No Change

Option B : at a time in his life that was when he had been 

Option C : while he was

Option D : during the time when he was pondering and

Answer

Show/Hide Answer

Option C : while he was

Question No 4

Which choice results in the most effective transition to the information that follows in the paragraph?

Option A : No Change

Option B : their

Option C : it’s

Option D : they’re

Answer

Show/Hide Answer

Option A : No Change

Question No 5

At this point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence. Predictive power can be illustrated by examining the work of Albert Einstein, who, though born in Germany, conducted much of his scientific work in the United States after he immigrated in 1933. Should the writer make this addition here?

Option A : Yes, because it introduces an example of a scientist whose work can be analyzed using Popper’s approach. 

Option B : Yes, because it illustrates that other highly regarded scientists agreed with Popper’s approach to the scientific method

Option C : No, because it digresses from the main topic of the paragraph by introducing unrelated details. 

Option D : No, because it blurs the paragraph’s focus on Einstein’s theory of gravitation.

Answer

Show/Hide Answer

Option C : No, because it digresses from the main topic of the paragraph by introducing unrelated details. 

Question No 6

Which choice best maintains the sentence pattern already established in the paragraph?

Option A : No Change

Option B : for 

Option C : with 

Option D : by

Answer

Show/Hide Answer

Option C : with

Question No 7

The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the writer make this deletion? 

Option A : Yes, because it interrupts the paragraph’s discussion of the scientific community’s rejection of Popper’s assertion.

Option B : Yes, because it restates information from the first part of the paragraph about the critical reception of Popper’s assertion.

Option C : No, because it clarifies the easily misunderstood concept of falsifiability with more specific details.

Option D : No, because it introduces the misconception that the writer addresses in the rest of the paragraph.

Answer

Show/Hide Answer

Option D : No, because it introduces the misconception that the writer addresses in the rest of the paragraph.

Question No 8

The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?

Option A : NO CHANGE

Option B : hypothesis, and choosing

Option C : hypothesis that choosing 

Option D : hypothesis but to choose

Answer

Show/Hide Answer

Option D : hypothesis but to choose

Question No 9

Which choice best maintains the sentence pattern already established in the paragraph?

Option A : No Change

Option B : static: because

Option C : static because— 

Option D : static, because,

Answer

Show/Hide Answer

Option B : static: because

Question No 10

Which choice best maintains the sentence pattern already established in the paragraph?

Option A : No Change

Option B : were remaining 

Option C : have remained 

Option D : remain

Answer

Show/Hide Answer

Option A : No Change

Question No 11

The writer wants to provide a conclusion that reiterates a central idea of the passage. Which choice most effectively accomplishes this goal?

Option A : No Change

Option B : even though Popper’s theory still has some outspoken skeptics.

Option C : even if we can only approach this truth by eliminating what is false.

Option D : even if the scientific method remains inflexible.

Answer

Show/Hide Answer

Option C : even if we can only approach this truth by eliminating what is false.

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